Retinal Image Analysis for Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy (el. knyga) (skaityta knyga) | knygos.lt

Aprašymas

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, characterized by uncontrolled blood sugar levels

in the blood. Diabetes is an outcome of either pancreas not producing enough

insulin or not utilizing the produced hormone effectively [1]. The carbohydrates

in the food we eat are broken down to glucose, and insulin is the hormone responsible

to take in the glucose to be used for energy. If the required energy is suffice,

insulin signals the liver to store the glucose as glycogen. Insulin maintains a balance

between the high (hyperglycaemia) and low (hypoglycaemia) sugar levels.

Insulin insufficiency is the prime reason of diabetes. The reason for attack of body's

auto-immune system on pancreas in Type-I diabetes is unknown but the reason for

ever increasing Type-II diabetes population is lifestyle of people which includes

insufficient physical activity, high-calorie diet resulting into obesity & high blood

pressure which facilitate insulin resistance in body. Uncontrolled Diabetes brings

too many complications along with it. Thus, the Diabetes has become the leading

health emergency across the world.

Diabetic eye disease is a serious complication of diabetes, comprising preponderantly

of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). DR occurs as a direct outcome of chronic hyperglycaemia,

causing damage to blood retinal barrier, leading to leakage and

blockage in retinal capillaries [3]. This may cause loss of vision and sooner or

later lead to blindness.

DR is recognised as one of the leading causes of impaired vision with severe personal and socio-economic implications in working age population, inspite of being possibly preventable and treatable. DR affects about one

out of three diabetic patients. The span of diabetes is the most effective predictor

of DR prevalence. According to IDF, it is estimated that about 191 million diabetic

people are likely to develop DR by 2030. Current estimates show 56.3 million

people worsening to vision-threatening DR if immediate and proper steps are not

taken.