Future Jobs (el. knyga) (skaityta knyga) | Omar Arias | knygos.lt

Aprašymas

East Asia and Pacific (EAP) countries have successfully created stable employment for its people. But industrial robots, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital platforms are affecting labor markets in the region. New evidence reveals that the introduction of new technologies has led to increased employment due to stronger productivity and scale effects compared to labor-displacing effects. However, the benefits of new technologies have been uneven, favoring skilled workers while displacing less skilled ones, some of whom have moved to the informal sector. The pace of technological adoption in one sector has also influenced economic viability in other sectors by affecting wages and prices, thereby impacting intersectoral labor flows. For instance, many workers transitioned from agriculture to manufacturing not because of agricultural mechanization but because of the attractive opportunities in manufacturing. Looking ahead, digitization is expected to enhance the tradability of services, and artificial intelligence (AI) will transform their production processes. Since the EAP region does not yet have a comparative advantage in services and continues to protect them, the impact of AI on services employment may be more severe than the impact of robots on manufacturing employment. To capitalize on the new opportunities presented by digitization and AI in services, EAP countries will need to implement reforms to turn technological change into a blessing rather than a curse. The region must equip all its people with deeper technical, digital and soft skills that complement the new technologies; facilitate capital mobility and worker mobility across sectors, occupations, and space; remove factor price distortions that could lead to the adoption of inappropriate technologies; and encourage social insurance for workers in the new digital informal economy.