Guardian of Genghis Khan's Tomb (el. knyga) (skaityta knyga) | knygos.lt

Aprašymas

The wisdom of Genghis Khan was manifested in all his accomplishments. He came from one of several nomadic tribes occupying an area of Central Asia plagued by drought. Game had become scarce and farming almost nonexistent. Before becoming the Great Conqueror, he was namedTemujin. His father had been a chieftain of the Kiyad and was murdered by another clan. Temujin recognized early on that the ongoing conflict among the tribes would end badly for all. Strong and ruthless, he was a brilliant military strategist who made the necessary alliances to build a small army. With it he set about conquering each of the warring tribes and bringing them under his banner.
After successfully uniting the tribes into a Mongol confederation, he sought to feed his impoverished and malnourished people. He gazed beyond his border. Temujinknew that Western Xia and its Tangut population had irrigated its grasslands and raised large cattle herds. So he went to war with the Tangutand invaded Western Xia. By 1209 heprevailed and had it under his control along with itsHexi Corridor, an important East/West trade route. Once again Temujindemonstrated wisdom by assimilating the Tangut advances in literature, architecture, music and the artsinto the Mongol culture. He utilized the trade goods and foodstuffs of this new Mongol conquest to improve the economy of the combined territories. Having added Tangut soldiers to his army,Temujin also was collecting tribute.
Soon he received an emissary from the Emperor of the Jin demanding his ownsubmission and tribute from the Mongols as his vassals. His people had long suffered under Jin influence and arrogance. The Jin had a huge army estimated at 600,000 men that dwarfed that of Temujin. But, the Jin Dynasty was extremely wealthy. From his spies,Temujin knew that the Jin army was occupied far to the South with border wars. Making the most of his opportunity, with a force of 70,000,he marched into the Jin Empire, successfully raiding wherever he went. He concentrated the raids on rural areas, terrorizing the inhabitants. Very soon these people were flocking to the cities for protection. After selecting such a city Temujin laid siege using siege weaponry and strategy he had taken from Muslim and Chinese engineers. City after city fell to the Mongols. Soon Temujin and his army, burgeoning with Jin deserters, were at the gates of the Jin capital Zhongdu (Beijing). The capital was overcrowded and could not begin to feed all the people. Before long Jin soldiers were ordered to execute the peasants which pushed the remaining population towards rebellion. Now the Jin Emperor sued for peace and agreed to payTemujin a huge annual tribute. Quickly the Jin Emperor moved his court away to Kaifeng. Feeling double crossed Temujin took Zhongdu and all it possessed. The Mongol’s spoils of war were mind boggling.From there Temujin’s forces went deep into China, plundering everywhere they went. Vast quantities of gold, silver and jewels were constantly being transported back to Karakorom, then the Mongol capital.
As a result of his external victories he had been given the title of Genghis Khan. His first conquest came in the West over the Khanate of Kara-Khitan, a country of almost a million square miles. Its treasury of Chinese coins, operating gold mines and annual tribute provided him with new wealth and ongoing income.
Next Genghis Khan sought trade with Persia.But Persian officials responded tohim by slaughtering his trade caravan and beheading his ambassadors. Enraged, Genghis Khan dispatched part of his army under two of his best generals to invade that country. After capturing several rich cities the generals had barely penetrated Persia. It was then they received orders from Genghis Khan to hunt down and kill or capture the Shah of Persia. The Shah panicked and fled Persia in the face of the Mongol onslaught. The wealth of Persia was beyond counting and now it belonged to Genghis Khan.
The Mongol raids brought Iraq, Uzbek