{"id":9054,"date":"2021-05-14T11:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-14T08:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.knygos.lt\/blogas\/?p=9054"},"modified":"2021-05-19T11:01:46","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T08:01:46","slug":"amerikietiskos-svajones-paieskos-steinbecko-romane-rustybes-kekes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.knygos.lt\/blogas\/amerikietiskos-svajones-paieskos-steinbecko-romane-rustybes-kekes\/","title":{"rendered":"Amerikieti\u0161kos svajon\u0117s paie\u0161kos Steinbecko romane \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pirmasis amerikie\u010di\u0173 klasiko Johno Steinbecko<\/a> romano \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>vertimas lietuvi\u0161kai pasirod\u0117 dar 1947-aisiais, paslap\u010dia nuguldamas \u012f bibliotek\u0173 lentynas. Neseniai leidykla \u201eJotema\u201c<\/a> i\u0161leido nauj\u0105, Gabriel\u0117s Gaili\u016bt\u0117s-Bernotien\u0117s parengt\u0105 \u0161io romano vertim\u0105 \u2013 taip pla\u010diajam skaitytoj\u0173 ratui pristatydama svarbiausi\u0105, ta\u010diau daugelio u\u017emir\u0161t\u0105 Nobelio premijos laureato  k\u016brin\u012f.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Knygos pasakojimo centre \u2013 amerikie\u010di\u0173 valstie\u010di\u0173 D\u017eod\u0173 \u0161eima, Did\u017eiosios depresijos metais paliekanti savo mylim\u0105 Oklahomos \u017eem\u0119 ir keliaujanti ie\u0161koti laim\u0117s svetur. Prarad\u0119 gimtin\u0119 ir i\u0161si\u017ead\u0117j\u0119 savo nam\u0173, D\u017eodai vyksta per vis\u0105 \u0161al\u012f \u012f i\u0161svajot\u0105j\u0105 Kalifornij\u0105 \u2013 kur pakel\u0117se auga sultingi apelsinai, o \u017emogus gali jaustis \u017emogumi. Ta\u010diau atvyk\u0119 \u012f vien\u0105 darbo stovykl\u0105 jie susiduria su kitokia nei \u017ead\u0117ta realybe. Steinbeckas, \u017einomas darbinink\u0173 klas\u0117s \u0161alininkas, \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117se\u201c apra\u0161ydamas sunk\u0173 paprast\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 darb\u0105 ir bandym\u0105 susikurti geresn\u012f gyvenim\u0105, smerkia kapitalizm\u0105 ir kriti\u0161kai \u017evelgia \u012f technologijas, at\u0117musias i\u0161 romano veik\u0117j\u0173 galimyb\u0119 u\u017esidirbti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuo pripa\u017einto pasaulinio bestselerio iki vie\u0161ai deginamo k\u016brinio<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117se\u201c Steinbeckas skaitytojams pristato tai, kas i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 vyko jo gimtin\u0117je, Salinase, ir JAV sud\u0117tingu ekonominiu laikotarpiu: \u201eDabar \u016bkininkavimas virto pramone, ir \u0161eimininkai sek\u0117 Romos pavyzd\u017eiu, nors to ne\u017einojo. Jie atsive\u017edavo verg\u0173, nors j\u0173 taip nevadino: kin\u0173, japon\u0173, meksikie\u010di\u0173, filipinie\u010di\u0173.\u201c (192 p.) Nors k\u016brinys Amerikoje susilauk\u0117 daug d\u0117mesio, buvo \u012fvertintas, ta\u010diau vie\u0161as autoriaus pasisakymas prie\u0161 valstie\u010di\u0173 i\u0161naudojim\u0105, papiktino Kalifornijos \u016bkinink\u0173 asociacij\u0105. Buvo surengtas streikas, \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s keki\u0173\u201c knygos sudegintos, o autorius tapo neken\u010diamiausiu \u017emogumi savo gimtin\u0117je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skaitant \u0161\u012f amerikie\u010di\u0173 klasiko k\u016brin\u012f galima nesunkiai \u012fsivaizduoti \u012ftaigiai apra\u0161om\u0105 keliautoj\u0173 kan\u010di\u0105, nevengiant perteikti kasdieni\u0173 darbinink\u0173 patiriam\u0173 \u017eiaurum\u0173: policinink\u0173, pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117toj\u0173 elgesys, lyg valstie\u010diai b\u016bt\u0173 vergai, prastai apmokamas sunkus darbas, nuolatinis skurdas ir badas. Kai kurios scenos sukre\u010dia ir leid\u017eia lengviau suprasti \u201everg\u0173\u201c kasdienyb\u0119: \u201eAtve\u017etiniai baud\u017eiauninkai b\u016bdavo mu\u0161ami, g\u0105sdinami ir marinami badu, kol kai kurie gr\u012f\u017edavo namo, o kai kurie su\u017ev\u0117r\u0117davo ir b\u016bdavo nu\u017eudomi ar i\u0161varomi i\u0161 \u0161alies.\u201c (193 p.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romane taip pat atsispindi Steinbecko po\u017ei\u016bris \u012f \u017emogaus s\u0105saj\u0105 su gamta, \u017eeme. Jis kritikuoja technologij\u0173 paveikt\u0105 \u017emog\u0173, kuris negerbia \u017eem\u0117s, ja naudodamasis tik tada, kai siekia naudos: \u201eTad \u0161eimininkai nustojo dirbti savo \u016bkiuose. Jie \u016bkininkaudavo popieriuje; ir pamir\u0161o \u017eem\u0119, jos kvap\u0105, jos jausm\u0105, prisimindavo tik tiek, kad ji jiems priklauso, prisimindavo tik tai, k\u0105 i\u0161 jos gaudavo ir k\u0105 prarasdavo.\u201c (193 p.) K\u016brinyje vis minimi visai baud\u017eiavinei sistemai vadovaujantys \u201ebankai\u201c, \u017eem\u0117s bendrov\u0117 \u2013 pabaisa, kuriai priklauso \u017eem\u0117, i\u0161tisi \u016bkiai, ma\u0161inos, \u017emon\u0117s \u2013 viskas. Ji n\u0117ra \u017emogus, jai nereikia maisto, ji minta pelnu, kur\u012f susikrauna sukeldama skausm\u0105 valstie\u010diams, atimdama vis\u0105 j\u0173 gyvenim\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Religini\u0173 motyv\u0173 atspind\u017eiai romane<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Romano pavadinimas kil\u0119s i\u0161 fraz\u0117s, minimos Naujajame testamente. Steinbeckas \u0161\u012f motyv\u0105 panaudoja ir pa\u010diame k\u016brinyje. Nuolatinis \u017emoni\u0173 keliavimas i\u0161 vienos vietos \u012f kit\u0105, badas, skurdas, savo \u017eem\u0117s netur\u0117jimas \u2013 visos emocijos kaupiasi varg\u0161\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 \u0161irdyse: \u201e\u017emoni\u0173 akyse \u2013 nes\u0117km\u0117; ir alkan\u0173j\u0173 akyse auga r\u016bstyb\u0117. \u017dmoni\u0173 sielas u\u017epildo r\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s, jos sunksta, sirpsta ir duos derli\u0173.\u201c (295 p.) Svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f knygoje atlieka ir buv\u0119s pamokslininkas Keisis. Pavarg\u0119s b\u016bti kit\u0173 balsu, ta\u010diau rad\u0119s prog\u0105 i\u0161gelb\u0117ja jam pad\u0117jusi\u0105 \u0161eim\u0105, v\u0117liau kildamas \u012f kov\u0105 prie\u0161 neteisyb\u0119 ir santvark\u0105. Jis nebevadina sav\u0119s pamokslininku, ta\u010diau k\u016brinyje perteikia svarbias ir aktualias \u017emogi\u0161kas vertybes, atskleid\u017eia \u017emoni\u0173 bendryst\u0117s svarb\u0105, kovoja u\u017e savo \u012fsitikinimus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117se\u201c svarbus vieningos \u0161eimos paveikslas, ta\u010diau viso k\u016brinio eigoje matomi jos i\u0161gyvenami poky\u010diai, besikei\u010dian\u010dios rol\u0117s. Kiekvienas \u0161eimos narys, tarsi med\u017eiai audroje, atlaiko gyvenimo i\u0161\u0161\u016bkius arba nusvyra \u017eemyn palikdamas sav\u0105j\u012f mi\u0161k\u0105. Ai\u0161kiai matomas vyro, kaip \u201e\u0161eimos galvos\u201c, \u012fvaizdis, ta\u010diau istorijos eigoje D\u017eod\u0173 motina \u201esulau\u017eo taisykles\u201c, stengdamasi i\u0161laikyti \u0161eimos vienyb\u0119 pasiprie\u0161ina vyrams. Tiek \u0161eimos bendryst\u0117s, tiek tarpusavio santyki\u0173 su kitais \u017emon\u0117mis svarba atsiskleid\u017eia buvusio pamokslininko Keisio l\u016bpomis per tik\u0117jim\u0105 ir Dievo \u017eod\u012f kelion\u0117s dykumoje metu: \u201evien\u0105 kart\u0105 i\u0161\u0117jo \u012f dykum\u0105 ie\u0161koti savo d\u016b\u0161ios, o su\u017einojo, kad neturi jokios d\u016b\u0161ios, kuri b\u016bt\u0173 jo. Sako, su\u017einojo, kad turi tik ma\u017e\u0105 did\u017eiul\u0117s d\u016b\u0161ios gabal\u0117l\u012f. Sako, i\u0161 dykumos jokios naudos, nes tas ma\u017eas d\u016b\u0161ios gabal\u0117lis nieko nevertas, jei n\u0117ra su kitais, n\u0117ra visumoje.\u201c (357 p.) Tad \u017emogus, i\u0161gyvenantis sunkumus, \u0161iuo atveju, skurd\u0105, bad\u0105, nam\u0173 ilges\u012f, turi laikytis i\u0161vien su \u0161eima, ie\u0161koti pagalbinink\u0173. Steinbeckui svarbu ne tik atskleisti vergov\u0117s siaubus, bet ir apibr\u0117\u017eti tai, kas gali sustiprinti \u017emog\u0173 tokioje ribin\u0117je situacijoje. Juk \u201eVargas vieni\u0161am \u017emogui! Juk kai suklumpa, n\u0117ra kas j\u012f pakelt\u0173.\u201c (358 p.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c Lietuvoje \u2013 kas aktualu \u0161iuolaikiniam skaitytojui?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pirmasis romano \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c vertimas Lietuvoje buvo i\u0161leistas 1947 m. \u2013 Lietuvos okupacijos laikotarpiu. Steinbecko k\u016brinyje netr\u016bksta kapitalizmo kritikos, tod\u0117l t\u0173 laik\u0173 Lietuvoje tai i\u0161 ties\u0173 buvo aktuali tema. \u0160iandien atsivertus senaj\u012f vertim\u0105 juntamos XX a. lietuvi\u0173 kalbos tendencijos, atrandama mums \u201esenovin\u0117 kalba\u201c. Pavyzd\u017eiui, kukur\u016bzai vadinami \u201ekukur\u016bza\u201c, kai kurie pavadinimai retai arba visai nebevartojami, vietoje \u201ej\u201c raid\u0117s galima rasti \u201eia\u201c  \u2013 (piauti, biaur\u0117tis ir t. t.) Ta\u010diau kalba yra kintantis rei\u0161kinys, tod\u0117l naujai i\u0161leid\u017eiamas \u0161io romano vertimas neabejotinai reikalingas. Kadangi jame b\u016bt\u0173 vartojama ne tik \u0161iuolaikin\u0117 lietuvi\u0173 kalba, bet svarbu ir tai, kad \u0161iuolaikinis skaitytojas \u0161\u012f pasaulin\u0117s klasikos k\u016brin\u012f panor\u0117j\u0119s lengvai rast\u0173 bibliotekose ar knygynuose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kiekvienas skaitytojas \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117se\u201c gali atrasti jam aktualias temas. Steinbeckas ne tik i\u0161kelia to meto opias Amerikos politines, socialines problemas, ta\u010diau tarpusavyje supina ir \u0161eimos, religijos, bendryst\u0117s temas. Autoriaus knygoje i\u0161sakoma kritika technologijoms, \u017emoni\u0173 darbo santyki\u0173 pasikeitimui gali b\u016bti aktuali ir \u0161iuolaikiniams ekonomikos vartotojams. Nuolat girdime, kad yra kuriami robotai, kompiuteriai, kurie pakei\u010dia \u017emogaus darb\u0105, taip tarsi atimdami j\u0173 darbo vietas \u2013 visa tai galima palyginti su romane prie\u0161taringai vaizduojamais traktoriais ir ma\u0161inomis, nu\u0161alinan\u010diomis paprastus amerikie\u010dius nuo savo ankstesni\u0173, darbini\u0173 pareig\u0173. Vyresnio am\u017eiaus lietuvi\u0173 skaitytojai gali atrasti pana\u0161um\u0173 su m\u016bs\u0173 \u0161alyje anks\u010diau vyravusiu socializmu \u2013 valstie\u010di\u0173 varymu \u012f kol\u016bkius, nuosavos \u017eem\u0117s praradimu. Dar viena lietuvi\u0173 skaitytojus ir romano veik\u0117jus vienijanti tema \u2013 ekonomin\u0117 kriz\u0117 ir masin\u0117 emigracija. Kaip ir JAV, Lietuva nuolat patirdavo nema\u017eai ekonomini\u0173 sunkum\u0173, i\u0161gyveno karus, tremtis, tod\u0117l nema\u017ea dalis tautie\u010di\u0173 palikdavo savo namus ir i\u0161vykdavo ie\u0161koti laim\u0117s svetur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galb\u016bt i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 gali pasirodyti, jog \u012fvykiai \u0161iame Steinbecko k\u016brinyje vyksta gana l\u0117tai, ta\u010diau b\u016btent toks klasikinis pasakojimo b\u016bdas leid\u017eia pails\u0117ti nuo \u201egreitojo\u201c \u0161iuolaikin\u0117s literat\u016bros skaitymo. Kaip ir min\u0117jau, kiekvienas skaitytojas gali savaip i\u0161gyventi \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kekes\u201c susiedamas jas su savo patirtimi ir atradasmas aktuali\u0173 id\u0117j\u0173. Amerikie\u010di\u0173 ra\u0161ytojas palie\u010dia \u201enemirtingas\u201c temas, tod\u0117l \u0161\u012f k\u016brin\u012f galima laikyti pa\u010dia tikriausia XX a. klasika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

J. Steinbeckas \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c, vert\u0117 Gabriel\u0117 Gaili\u016bt\u0117-Bernotien\u0117, leidykla JOTEMA, 2021 m.<\/em><\/u><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pirmasis amerikie\u010di\u0173 klasiko Johno Steinbecko romano \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c vertimas lietuvi\u0161kai pasirod\u0117 dar 1947-aisiais, paslap\u010dia nuguldamas \u012f bibliotek\u0173 lentynas. Neseniai leidykla \u201eJotema\u201c i\u0161leido nauj\u0105, Gabriel\u0117s Gaili\u016bt\u0117s-Bernotien\u0117s parengt\u0105 \u0161io romano vertim\u0105 \u2013 taip pla\u010diajam skaitytoj\u0173 ratui pristatydama svarbiausi\u0105, ta\u010diau daugelio u\u017emir\u0161t\u0105 Nobelio premijos laureato  k\u016brin\u012f. Knygos pasakojimo centre \u2013 amerikie\u010di\u0173 valstie\u010di\u0173 D\u017eod\u0173 \u0161eima, Did\u017eiosios depresijos metais paliekanti savo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":9139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176,2,172],"tags":[1331,933,1332],"class_list":["post-9054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apzvalgos","category-naujienos","category-istorija","tag-john-steinbeck","tag-jotema","tag-rustybes-kekes"],"yoast_head":"\nAmerikieti\u0161kos svajon\u0117s paie\u0161kos Steinbecko romane \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c - Knygos.lt blogas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Amerikieti\u0161kos svajon\u0117s paie\u0161kos Steinbecko romane \u201eR\u016bstyb\u0117s kek\u0117s\u201c. 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