{"id":11419,"date":"2022-03-25T16:13:34","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T14:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.knygos.lt\/blogas\/?p=11419"},"modified":"2022-05-05T13:25:50","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T10:25:50","slug":"v-nabokovo-knygoje-kairysis-kaspinas-individo-kova-pries-totalitarizma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.knygos.lt\/blogas\/v-nabokovo-knygoje-kairysis-kaspinas-individo-kova-pries-totalitarizma\/","title":{"rendered":"V. Nabokovo knygoje \u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c \u2013 individo kova prie\u0161 totalitarizm\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Neseniai leidyklos \u201eJotema\u201c i\u0161leistoje V. Nabokovo<\/a> knygos \u201eKairysis kaspinas<\/a>\u201c pasakojimo centre \u2014 totalitarin\u0117s valstyb\u0117s santvarkos ir individo, tironijos ir laisv\u0117s konfliktas. Nabokovas kelia klausimus apie individo laisv\u0119, atsakomyb\u0119 bei moral\u0119 totalitarizmo ir mirties gr\u0117sm\u0117s akivaizdoje. U\u017esienio \u0161ali\u0173 kritik\u0173 vadinamas \u012fsp\u016bdingu, galingu ir pa\u010diu dr\u0105siausiu jo sukurtu distopiniu-politiniu romanu. \u201eThe New York Times\u201c po \u0161ios knygos pasirodymo atsiliep\u0117 taip: \u201eBus labai blogai, jei \u0161i knyga neatras savo auditorijos. Karas, kaip ir laisvos minties kova prie\u0161 totalitarinius re\u017eimus, vis dar t\u0119siasi.\u201c \u0160i mintis gal\u0117t\u0173 tapti \u0161iandieniu romano devizu, \u017emonijai i\u0161gyvenus net ir du pasaulinius karus, ta\u010diau pasaulyje, vis dar gyvuojant tironi\u0161koms politin\u0117ms santvarkoms, vykstant kariniams konfliktams ir i\u0161kylant vis naujoms radikalioms partijoms.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n


\u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c \u2014 tai antrasis Nabokovo romanas angl\u0173 kalba, prad\u0117tas ra\u0161yti dar Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais, o u\u017ebaigtas k\u016br\u0117jui gyvenant Amerikoje. Lietuvi\u0161kai \u0161\u012f k\u016brin\u012f vert\u0117 Rasa Drazdauskien\u0117, o pasaulyje jis i\u0161verstas \u012f daugiau nei 40 kalb\u0173. Pasak Nabokovo k\u016brybos tyrin\u0117tojo, ra\u0161ytojo Briano Boydo, \u201e\u0161iuo romanu siekiama atskleisti nacistin\u0117s Vokietijos ir Soviet\u0173 S\u0105jungos atstovaujam\u0105 \u017eiaurumo ma\u0161inerij\u0105, prie\u0161i\u0161kai nusiteikusi\u0105 viskam, kas vertingiausia ir pa\u017eeid\u017eiamiausia \u017emonijos gyvenime\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tironi\u0161ko re\u017eimo persekiojimai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Valstyb\u0117s vald\u017ei\u0105 neseniai per\u0117m\u0117 tiron\u0173 ir filistin\u0173 partija \u201eVidutinis \u017emogus\u201c ir jos lyderis Padukas. Vedini visuotin\u0117s lygyb\u0117s ir laim\u0117s lozung\u0173 jie grie\u017etai atmeta bet kok\u012f individualizm\u0105 ir minties laisv\u0119. Policin\u0117s valstyb\u0117s re\u017eimui pasiprie\u0161inti gali tik genialus filosofas Adamas Krugas. Sielvartaudamas d\u0117l neseniai i\u0161tikusios \u017emonos mirties, i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 naujosios partijos veikloje jis ne\u012f\u017evelgia jokio blogio. Bet gr\u0117sminga tironijos ma\u0161ina, kuriai vadovauja Padukas, k\u0117sinasi palenkti bet kur\u012f individ\u0105 savo naudai.
\u012egij\u0119 Krugo param\u0105, jie galutinai \u012ftvirtint\u0173 nauj\u0105j\u0105 santvark\u0105. Partija stengiasi j\u012f suvilioti, ta\u010diau Krugas prie\u0161inasi, kol galiausiai pagrobiamas Krugo s\u016bnus Davidas. Padukas pri\u017eada j\u012f gr\u0105\u017einti i\u0161 vaik\u0173 globos nam\u0173, \u012fkurt\u0173 kalini\u0173 reabilitacijos klinikoje, jei Krugas sutiks prisid\u0117ti prie jo partijos. Jis sutinka, ta\u010diau lieka apgautas ir pats patenka \u012f kal\u0117jim\u0105. Krugui taip pat pasi\u016bloma i\u0161laisvinti 24 partijos oponentus, tarp kuri\u0173 ir dalis jo draug\u0173. Ta\u010diau jis atsisako d\u0117l vis\u0173 nusikaltim\u0173 ir apgavys\u010di\u0173 apkaltindamas Paduk\u0105. Galiausiai jis pats tampa diktatoriaus pakalik\u0173 kulkos auka. \u012estatydamas pagrindin\u012f heroj\u0173 \u012f nepavyd\u0117tinas situacijas,
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dalinam\u0117s i\u0161trauka i\u0161 V. Nabokovo knygos \u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Krugas \u2014 tai vis dar buvo jis \u2014 \u0117jo toliau, jusdamas prie nyk\u0161\u010dio pagalv\u0117l\u0117s prilipus\u012f dilg\u010diojant\u012f ornament\u0105. \u0160ioje tilto pus\u0117je buvo \u0161viesiau. J\u012f sustabd\u0119 kareiviai atrod\u0117 \u017evalesni, geriau nusiskut\u0119, vilk\u0117jo tvarkingesnes uniformas. Ir j\u0173 pa\u010di\u0173 buvo daugiau, kaip ir sulaikyt\u0173 naktini\u0173 keliautoj\u0173: du seniai su dvira\u010diais, vienas toks, kur\u012f b\u016bt\u0173 galima pavadinti ponu (pakelta aksomin\u0117 palto apykakl\u0117, rankos giliai sugr\u016bstos \u012f ki\u0161enes), ir jo mergina, susitar\u0161iusi rojaus pauk\u0161t\u0117.
Pietras \u2014 ar bent jau kareivis, pana\u0161us \u012f Pietr\u0105, vyriausi\u0105j\u012f Universiteto klubo padav\u0117j\u0105, \u2014 taigi, kareivis Pietras ap\u017ei\u016br\u0117jo Krugo leidim\u0105 ir i\u0161silavinusio \u017emogaus tartimi pasak\u0117:
\u2014 Niekaip nepaj\u0117giu suprasti, profesoriau, kaip jums pavyko pereiti tilt\u0105. Netur\u0117jote jokios teis\u0117s tai daryti, kadangi \u0161io leidimo nepasira\u0161\u0117 mano kolegos i\u0161 \u0161iaurin\u0117s pus\u0117s sargybos. Deja, jums teks gr\u012f\u017eti atgal ir gauti para\u0161\u0105, kaip nurodyta nepaprastosios pad\u0117ties taisykl\u0117se. Kitaip negal\u0117siu j\u016bs\u0173 \u012fleisti \u012f pietin\u0119 miesto pus\u0119. Je regrette* (apgailestauju pranc. \u2013 vert. past.), bet \u012fstatymas yra \u012fstatymas.
\u2014 Gryna teisyb\u0117, \u2014 atsak\u0117 Krugas. \u2014 Nelaimei, jie nemoka net skaityti, o k\u0105 jau kalb\u0117ti apie ra\u0161ym\u0105.
\u2014 Tai ne m\u016bs\u0173 problema, \u2014 atsak\u0117 rimtas, dailus, tu\u0161\u010dio veido Pietras, o jo bendra\u017eygiai rimtai, m\u0105sliai pritardami palinks\u0117jo galvomis. \u2014 Ne, niekaip negaliu j\u016bs\u0173 praleisti, kol, kartoju, j\u016bs\u0173 tapatyb\u0117 ir nekaltumas nebus patvirtinti prie\u0161ingos pus\u0117s sargybini\u0173 para\u0161ais.
\u2014 O gal mes gal\u0117tume, taip sakant, apsukti tilt\u0105? \u2014 kantriai pasiteiravo Krugas. \u2014 Nor\u0117jau pasakyti \u2014 sukeisti puses. J\u016bs juk pasira\u0161ote leidimus t\u0173, kurie pereina i\u0161 pietin\u0117s pus\u0117s \u012f \u0161iaurin\u0119, teisyb\u0117? Tai gal apverskime \u0161\u012f proces\u0105. Pasira\u0161ykite \u0161\u012f verting\u0105 dokument\u0105 ir leiskite man ramiai eiti namo, \u012f lov\u0105 Peregolmo skersgatvyje.
Pietras papurt\u0117 galv\u0105.
\u2014 Nesuprantu j\u016bs\u0173 m\u0105stymo, profesoriau. Mes sunaikinome prie\u0161\u0105 \u2014 taip, sutrai\u0161k\u0117me j\u012f, sutryp\u0117me kojomis. Bet viena kita hidros galva dar teb\u0117ra, tod\u0117l negalime rizikuoti. Galiu jus u\u017etikrinti, profesoriau, kad po kokios savait\u0117s mieste v\u0117l galios normali pad\u0117tis. Ar ne taip, vaikinai? \u2014 prid\u016br\u0117 Pietras, atsigr\u0119\u017e\u0119s \u012f kitus kareivius, ir \u0161ie kar\u0161tai jam pritar\u0117, o j\u0173 doruose protinguose veiduose \u0161viet\u0117 pilietinis \u012fkar\u0161tis, perkei\u010diantis net pat\u012f negra\u017eiausi\u0105 \u017emog\u0173.
\u2014 Kreipiuosi \u012f j\u016bs\u0173 vaizduot\u0119, \u2014 pasak\u0117 Krugas. \u2014 \u012esivaizduokite, kad a\u0161 einu \u012f prie\u0161ing\u0105 pus\u0119. Ties\u0105 pasakius, i\u0161 ties\u0173 \u0117jau \u012f prie\u0161ing\u0105 pus\u0119 dar \u0161\u012f ryt\u0105, kai tilto niekas nesaugojo. Pastatyti sargyb\u0105 tik sutemus \u2014 labai banalus sprendimas, bet neverta ties juo sustoti. Nestabdykite ir j\u016bs man\u0119s.
\u2014 Be para\u0161o nepraeisite, \u2014 pasak\u0117 Pietras ir nusisuko.
\u2014 Ar tik j\u016bs nesiruo\u0161iate gerokai sumenkinti kriterij\u0173, pagal kuriuos vertinama \u017emogaus protin\u0117 veikla, jei tokia i\u0161vis yra? \u2014 bamb\u0117jo Krugas.
\u2014 \u0160a, \u0161a, \u2014 patar\u0117 kitas kareivis, prid\u0117damas pir\u0161t\u0105 prie burnos su zuikio l\u016bpa ir tuojau pat greit rodydamas \u012f pla\u010di\u0105 Pietro nugar\u0105. \u2014 \u0160a, Pietras visi\u0161kai teisus. Eikit.
\u2014 Taip, eikit, \u2014 pritar\u0117 Pietras, nugird\u0119s paskutinius \u017eod\u017eius. \u2014 O kai v\u0117l \u010dia sugr\u012f\u0161ite su pasira\u0161ytu dokumentu ir viskas bus sutvarkyta \u2014 tik pagalvokite, kok\u012f vidin\u012f pasitenkinim\u0105 pajusite matydamas, kaip mes irgi j\u012f pasira\u0161ome. Mums irgi bus malonu. Naktis dar ankstyva, o be to, jei norime b\u016bti verti Valdovo, netur\u0117tume vengti \u0161ioki\u0173 toki\u0173 fizini\u0173 pastang\u0173. Eikite, profesoriau.
Pietras pa\u017evelg\u0117 \u012f du barzdotus senius, kantriai spaud\u017eian\u010dius dvira\u010di\u0173 vairus; \u017eibint\u0173 \u0161viesoje buvo matyti, kad j\u0173 krumpliai pabal\u0119, o akys tarsi pamest\u0173 \u0161un\u0173 atid\u017eiai \u017evelgia \u012f kareivius.
\u2014 J\u016bs irgi galite eiti, \u2014 i\u0161tar\u0117 kilnusis vyras.
Barzdo\u010diai \u017evaliai, nors to buvo sunku tik\u0117tis i\u0161 j\u0173 brandaus am\u017eiaus ir plon\u0173 koj\u0173, u\u017e\u0161oko ant dvira\u010di\u0173 ir mikliai nuva\u017eiavo, svirduliuodami i\u0161 nekantrumo kuo grei\u010diau pasi\u0161alinti, persimet\u0119 keletu gomurini\u0173 frazi\u0173. Apie k\u0105 jie kalb\u0117josi? Apie tai, kokie seni j\u0173 dvira\u010diai? Kiek kainuoja kokia nors ypatinga r\u016b\u0161is? Apie lenktynini\u0173 tak\u0173 b\u016bkl\u0119? O gal tokiais \u0161\u016bksniais rei\u0161k\u0117 padr\u0105sinim\u0105? Arba draugi\u0161kai erzino vienas kit\u0105? Gal aptarin\u0117jo juok\u0105, prie\u0161 daugel\u012f met\u0173 perskaityt\u0105 \u017eurnaluose Simplizissimus arba Strekoza? Visad \u012fdomu su\u017einoti, k\u0105 vienas kitam \u0161\u016bk\u010dioja kartu va\u017eiuojantys dviratininkai.
Krugas \u0117jo kaip \u012fmanydamas spar\u010diau. Silicing\u0105j\u012f \u017dem\u0117s palydov\u0105 u\u017edeng\u0117 debesys. Apytikriai ties tilto viduriu jis prisivijo \u017eilus dviratininkus. Abu ap\u017ei\u016brin\u0117jo rubin\u0105 vieno i\u0161 dvira\u010di\u0173 pasturgalyje. Antras dviratis gul\u0117jo ant \u0161ono tarsi partrenktas \u017eirgas, neauk\u0161tai pak\u0117l\u0119s nuli\u016bdusi\u0105 galv\u0105. Jis greitai pra\u0117jo pro \u0161al\u012f, kum\u0161tyje gniau\u017edamas leidim\u0105. Kas b\u016bt\u0173, jei \u012fmes\u010diau j\u012f \u012f Kur\u0105? B\u016b\u010diau pasmerktas be galo vaik\u0161\u010dioti pirmyn ir atgal tiltu, kuris jau nebeb\u016bt\u0173 tiltas, kadangi negal\u0117\u010diau pasiekti n\u0117 vieno i\u0161 krant\u0173. Ne tiltas, o sm\u0117lio laikrodis, kur\u012f ka\u017ekas vis ima ir apver\u010dia, o viduje \u2014 a\u0161, lakus smulkus sm\u0117lis. Arba \u017eol\u0117s lapas, kur\u012f nuskini kartu su juo b\u0117gan\u010dia skruzd\u0117le, ir kai tik ji pasiekia lapo galiuk\u0105, apverti \u017eol\u0119 auk\u0161tyn kojom, tada jis virsta apa\u010dia, ir varg\u0161\u0117 kvailiuk\u0117 visk\u0105 pradeda i\u0161 naujo. Seniai netrukus savo ruo\u017etu j\u012f aplenk\u0117, \u017evang\u0117dami nudund\u0117jo per migl\u0105 galanti\u0161ku galopu, ragindami savo senus juodus \u017eirgus kraujo raudonumo pentinais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


\u2014 \u010cia ir v\u0117l a\u0161, \u2014 prisistat\u0117 Krugas, kai aplink susib\u016br\u0117 jo apsileid\u0117liai bi\u010diuliai. \u2014 J\u016bs pamir\u0161ote pasira\u0161yti mano leidim\u0105. \u0160tai jis. Imkime ir grei\u010diau visk\u0105 sutvarkykime. Br\u016bk\u0161tel\u0117kite \u010dia kry\u017eiuk\u0105, nupie\u0161kite telefono b\u016bdel\u0117s raitin\u012f, svastik\u0105 ar dar k\u0105 nors. Nedr\u012fstu net tik\u0117tis, kad gal\u0117tum\u0117te tur\u0117ti k\u0105 nors pana\u0161aus \u012f antspaud\u0105.
Dar tebekalb\u0117damas suvok\u0117, kad jie jo visi\u0161kai neatpa\u017e\u012fsta. Ap\u017ei\u016br\u0117jo jo leidim\u0105. G\u016b\u017e\u010diojo pe\u010diais, tarsi m\u0117gindami nusimesti \u017eini\u0173 na\u0161t\u0105. Net pasikrap\u0161t\u0117 pakau\u0161ius \u2014 savitas metodas, naudojamas \u0161ioje \u0161alyje, nes jis neva skatina geresn\u012f m\u0105stymo l\u0105steli\u0173 apr\u016bpinim\u0105 krauju.
\u2014 Ar j\u016bs gyvenate ant tilto? \u2014 paklaus\u0117 storasis kareivis.
\u2014 Ne, \u2014 atsak\u0117 Krugas. \u2014 Pam\u0117ginkite suprasti. C\u2019est simple comme bonjour* (Tai paprasta kaip \u201elaba diena\u201c, pranc. \u2013 vert. past.), kaip pasakyt\u0173 Pietras. Mane parsiunt\u0117 atgal, nes nebuvo patvirtinimo, kad j\u016bs mane praleidote. Formaliai \u017evelgiant, man\u0119s ant tilto visai n\u0117ra.
\u2014 Tai gal jis i\u0161lipo i\u0161 bar\u017eos, \u2014 i\u0161tar\u0117 dvejojantis balsas.
\u2014 Ne, ne, \u2014 paprie\u0161taravo Krugas. \u2014 Nelipau a\u0161 i\u0161 jokios bar\u017eos. J\u016bs vis dar nesuprantate. Paai\u0161kinsiu kuo papras\u010diau. Saul\u0117s sistemoje buvo heliocentri\u0161kai \u012fvertinta tai, k\u0105 j\u016bs, \u017dem\u0117s gyventojai, vertinate geocentri\u0161kai, ir jei \u0161i\u0173 dviej\u0173 aspekt\u0173 nepavyks kokiu nors b\u016bdu suderinti, a\u0161, kaip regimasis objektas, tur\u0117siu be galo klajoti visuotin\u0117je naktyje.
\u2014 \u010cia tas \u017emogus, kuris pa\u017e\u012fsta Gurko pusbrol\u012f, \u2014 staiga atpa\u017ein\u0119s riktel\u0117jo vienas kareivis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u0161trauka i\u0161 V. Nabokovo knygos \u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c. I\u0161leido leidykla \u201eJotema\u201c, i\u0161 angl\u0173 kalbos vert\u0117 Rasa Drazdauskien\u0117. Projekt\u0105 finansuoja Lietuvos kult\u016bros taryba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neseniai leidyklos \u201eJotema\u201c i\u0161leistoje V. Nabokovo knygos \u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c pasakojimo centre \u2014 totalitarin\u0117s valstyb\u0117s santvarkos ir individo, tironijos ir laisv\u0117s konfliktas. Nabokovas kelia klausimus apie individo laisv\u0119, atsakomyb\u0119 bei moral\u0119 totalitarizmo ir mirties gr\u0117sm\u0117s akivaizdoje. U\u017esienio \u0161ali\u0173 kritik\u0173 vadinamas \u012fsp\u016bdingu, galingu ir pa\u010diu dr\u0105siausiu jo sukurtu distopiniu-politiniu romanu. \u201eThe New York Times\u201c po \u0161ios knygos…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":11424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,1651,172],"tags":[933,1819,1818],"class_list":["post-11419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-naujienos","category-filosofija","category-istorija","tag-jotema","tag-kairysis-kaspinas","tag-vladimir-nabokov"],"yoast_head":"\nV. Nabokovo knygoje \u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c \u2013 individo kova prie\u0161 totalitarizm\u0105 - Knygos.lt blogas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V. Nabokovo knygoje \u201eKairysis kaspinas\u201c \u2013 individo kova prie\u0161 totalitarizm\u0105. 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